diff --git a/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/experiment.py b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/experiment.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4024058b --- /dev/null +++ b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/experiment.py @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +import argparse +import csv +from pathlib import Path +from statistics import mean + +from generate_mazes import generate_all +from maze_app import AStarStrategy, BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, MazeSolver, TextFileMazeBuilder + + +STRATEGIES = (BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStarStrategy) + + +def run_experiment(repeats=7, maze_dir="mazes", output_dir="docs/data"): + generate_all(maze_dir) + builder = TextFileMazeBuilder() + rows = [] + for maze_path in sorted(Path(maze_dir).glob("*.txt")): + maze = builder.build_from_file(maze_path) + for strategy_type in STRATEGIES: + for run in range(1, repeats + 1): + stats = MazeSolver(maze, strategy_type()).solve() + rows.append({ + "maze": maze_path.stem, + "strategy": stats.strategy, + "run": run, + "time_ms": stats.time_ms, + "visited_cells": stats.visited_cells, + "path_length": stats.path_length, + "path_found": bool(stats.path), + }) + output = Path(output_dir) + output.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + raw_path = output / "maze_results_raw.csv" + with raw_path.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as file: + writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=rows[0].keys()) + writer.writeheader() + writer.writerows(rows) + + groups = {} + for row in rows: + groups.setdefault((row["maze"], row["strategy"]), []).append(row) + summary = [] + for (maze_name, strategy), values in groups.items(): + summary.append({ + "maze": maze_name, + "strategy": strategy, + "mean_time_ms": mean(row["time_ms"] for row in values), + "mean_visited_cells": mean(row["visited_cells"] for row in values), + "path_length": values[0]["path_length"], + "path_found": values[0]["path_found"], + }) + summary_path = output / "maze_results_summary.csv" + with summary_path.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as file: + writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=summary[0].keys()) + writer.writeheader() + writer.writerows(summary) + return raw_path, summary_path + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Сравнение алгоритмов поиска пути") + parser.add_argument("--repeats", type=int, default=7) + args = parser.parse_args() + print("Результаты:", *run_experiment(args.repeats), sep="\n") diff --git a/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/generate_mazes.py b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/generate_mazes.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9fb1c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/generate_mazes.py @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +"""Генерация воспроизводимых тестовых лабиринтов.""" + +import random +from pathlib import Path + + +def obstacle_maze(width, height, wall_probability, seed): + rng = random.Random(seed) + grid = [["#" if x in (0, width - 1) or y in (0, height - 1) else " " for x in range(width)] for y in range(height)] + for y in range(1, height - 1): + for x in range(1, width - 1): + if rng.random() < wall_probability: + grid[y][x] = "#" + # Оставляем гарантированный путь по верхней и правой внутренним границам. + for x in range(1, width - 1): + grid[1][x] = " " + for y in range(1, height - 1): + grid[y][width - 2] = " " + grid[1][1], grid[height - 2][width - 2] = "S", "E" + return "\n".join("".join(row) for row in grid) + "\n" + + +def empty_maze(width=50, height=50): + return obstacle_maze(width, height, 0, 1) + + +def blocked_maze(width=30, height=30): + lines = empty_maze(width, height).splitlines() + grid = [list(line) for line in lines] + exit_y, exit_x = height - 2, width - 2 + grid[exit_y - 1][exit_x] = "#" + grid[exit_y][exit_x - 1] = "#" + return "\n".join("".join(row) for row in grid) + "\n" + + +def generate_all(output_dir="mazes"): + output = Path(output_dir) + output.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + maps = { + "small_10x10.txt": obstacle_maze(10, 10, 0.12, 10), + "medium_50x50.txt": obstacle_maze(50, 50, 0.28, 50), + "large_100x100.txt": obstacle_maze(100, 100, 0.32, 100), + "empty_50x50.txt": empty_maze(), + "no_path_30x30.txt": blocked_maze(), + } + for filename, content in maps.items(): + (output / filename).write_text(content, encoding="utf-8") + return list(maps) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + print("Созданы файлы:", ", ".join(generate_all())) diff --git a/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/main.py b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/main.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a1183851 --- /dev/null +++ b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +import argparse + +from maze_app import AStarStrategy, BFSStrategy, ConsoleView, DFSStrategy, MazeSolver, TextFileMazeBuilder + + +STRATEGIES = {"bfs": BFSStrategy, "dfs": DFSStrategy, "astar": AStarStrategy} + + +def main(): + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Поиск выхода из лабиринта") + parser.add_argument("maze", nargs="?", default="mazes/small_10x10.txt") + parser.add_argument("--algorithm", choices=STRATEGIES, default="bfs") + args = parser.parse_args() + maze = TextFileMazeBuilder().build_from_file(args.maze) + view = ConsoleView() + solver = MazeSolver(maze, STRATEGIES[args.algorithm]()) + solver.attach(view) + stats = solver.solve() + print(view.render(maze, stats.path)) + print(f"Время: {stats.time_ms:.4f} мс; посещено: {stats.visited_cells}; длина пути: {stats.path_length}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/maze_app.py b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/maze_app.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7335613f --- /dev/null +++ b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/maze_app.py @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +"""Модель лабиринта и алгоритмы поиска с паттернами Builder, Strategy, Observer.""" + +from abc import ABC, abstractmethod +from collections import deque +from dataclasses import dataclass, field +from heapq import heappop, heappush +from itertools import count +from pathlib import Path +from time import perf_counter + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class Cell: + x: int + y: int + is_wall: bool = False + is_start: bool = False + is_exit: bool = False + + def is_passable(self): + return not self.is_wall + + +class Maze: + def __init__(self, cells): + if not cells or not cells[0]: + raise ValueError("Лабиринт не может быть пустым") + self.cells = cells + self.height = len(cells) + self.width = len(cells[0]) + self.start = next((cell for row in cells for cell in row if cell.is_start), None) + self.exit = next((cell for row in cells for cell in row if cell.is_exit), None) + + def get_cell(self, x, y): + if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height: + return self.cells[y][x] + return None + + def get_neighbors(self, cell): + neighbors = [] + for dx, dy in ((0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0)): + neighbor = self.get_cell(cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy) + if neighbor is not None and neighbor.is_passable(): + neighbors.append(neighbor) + return neighbors + + +class MazeBuilder(ABC): + @abstractmethod + def build_from_file(self, filename): + pass + + +class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder): + SYMBOLS = {"#", " ", "S", "E"} + + def build_from_file(self, filename): + lines = Path(filename).read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines() + if not lines or not lines[0] or any(len(line) != len(lines[0]) for line in lines): + raise ValueError("Строки лабиринта должны иметь одинаковую ненулевую длину") + unknown = {character for line in lines for character in line} - self.SYMBOLS + if unknown: + raise ValueError(f"Недопустимые символы: {sorted(unknown)}") + if sum(line.count("S") for line in lines) != 1 or sum(line.count("E") for line in lines) != 1: + raise ValueError("Лабиринт должен содержать ровно один старт S и один выход E") + + cells = [] + for y, line in enumerate(lines): + cells.append([ + Cell(x, y, symbol == "#", symbol == "S", symbol == "E") + for x, symbol in enumerate(line) + ]) + return Maze(cells) + + +class PathFindingStrategy(ABC): + name = "Неизвестно" + + def __init__(self): + self.visited_count = 0 + + @abstractmethod + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + pass + + @staticmethod + def restore_path(parent, start, exit_cell): + if exit_cell not in parent: + return [] + path, current = [], exit_cell + while current is not None: + path.append(current) + current = parent[current] + path.reverse() + return path if path and path[0] == start else [] + + +class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + name = "BFS" + + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + queue = deque([start]) + parent = {start: None} + visited = 0 + while queue: + current = queue.popleft() + visited += 1 + if current == exit_cell: + break + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + if neighbor not in parent: + parent[neighbor] = current + queue.append(neighbor) + self.visited_count = visited + return self.restore_path(parent, start, exit_cell) + + +class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + name = "DFS" + + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + stack = [start] + parent = {start: None} + visited = 0 + while stack: + current = stack.pop() + visited += 1 + if current == exit_cell: + break + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + if neighbor not in parent: + parent[neighbor] = current + stack.append(neighbor) + self.visited_count = visited + return self.restore_path(parent, start, exit_cell) + + +class AStarStrategy(PathFindingStrategy): + name = "A*" + + @staticmethod + def heuristic(first, second): + return abs(first.x - second.x) + abs(first.y - second.y) + + def find_path(self, maze, start, exit_cell): + order = count() + queue = [(self.heuristic(start, exit_cell), next(order), start)] + distance = {start: 0} + parent = {start: None} + closed = set() + while queue: + _, _, current = heappop(queue) + if current in closed: + continue + closed.add(current) + if current == exit_cell: + break + for neighbor in maze.get_neighbors(current): + new_distance = distance[current] + 1 + if new_distance < distance.get(neighbor, float("inf")): + distance[neighbor] = new_distance + parent[neighbor] = current + priority = new_distance + self.heuristic(neighbor, exit_cell) + heappush(queue, (priority, next(order), neighbor)) + self.visited_count = len(closed) + return self.restore_path(parent, start, exit_cell) + + +@dataclass +class SearchStats: + strategy: str + time_ms: float + visited_cells: int + path_length: int + path: list = field(repr=False) + + +class Observer(ABC): + @abstractmethod + def update(self, event): + pass + + +class ConsoleView(Observer): + def __init__(self, verbose=True): + self.verbose = verbose + self.events = [] + + def update(self, event): + self.events.append(event) + if self.verbose: + print(event["message"]) + + def render(self, maze, path=None): + path_cells = set(path or []) + rows = [] + for row in maze.cells: + symbols = [] + for cell in row: + if cell.is_start: + symbols.append("S") + elif cell.is_exit: + symbols.append("E") + elif cell.is_wall: + symbols.append("#") + elif cell in path_cells: + symbols.append(".") + else: + symbols.append(" ") + rows.append("".join(symbols)) + return "\n".join(rows) + + +class MazeSolver: + def __init__(self, maze, strategy): + self.maze = maze + self.strategy = strategy + self.observers = [] + + def set_strategy(self, strategy): + self.strategy = strategy + + def attach(self, observer): + if observer not in self.observers: + self.observers.append(observer) + + def notify(self, event): + for observer in self.observers: + observer.update(event) + + def solve(self): + self.notify({"type": "search_started", "message": f"Запущен алгоритм {self.strategy.name}"}) + started = perf_counter() + path = self.strategy.find_path(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit) + elapsed_ms = max((perf_counter() - started) * 1000, 1e-9) + stats = SearchStats( + strategy=self.strategy.name, + time_ms=elapsed_ms, + visited_cells=self.strategy.visited_count, + path_length=max(len(path) - 1, 0), + path=path, + ) + event_type = "path_found" if path else "path_not_found" + message = f"{self.strategy.name}: путь длиной {stats.path_length}" if path else f"{self.strategy.name}: путь не найден" + self.notify({"type": event_type, "message": message, "stats": stats}) + return stats diff --git a/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/plot_results.py b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/plot_results.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1c262cc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/SmirnovVS/docs/data/2-nd-exercize/plot_results.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +import csv +from pathlib import Path + +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + + +def create_plot(csv_path="docs/data/maze_results_summary.csv", output_path="docs/data/maze_performance.png"): + with Path(csv_path).open(encoding="utf-8-sig") as file: + rows = list(csv.DictReader(file)) + mazes = sorted({row["maze"] for row in rows}) + strategies = ["BFS", "DFS", "A*"] + colors = {"BFS": "#4472C4", "DFS": "#ED7D31", "A*": "#70AD47"} + figure, axes = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(12, 9)) + positions = range(len(mazes)) + width = 0.24 + for index, strategy in enumerate(strategies): + selected = [next(row for row in rows if row["maze"] == maze and row["strategy"] == strategy) for maze in mazes] + offsets = [position + (index - 1) * width for position in positions] + axes[0].bar(offsets, [float(row["mean_time_ms"]) for row in selected], width, label=strategy, color=colors[strategy]) + axes[1].bar(offsets, [float(row["mean_visited_cells"]) for row in selected], width, label=strategy, color=colors[strategy]) + for axis, ylabel, title in zip(axes, ["Время, мс", "Посещено клеток"], ["Среднее время поиска", "Объём исследования лабиринта"]): + axis.set_xticks(list(positions), mazes, rotation=20, ha="right") + axis.set_ylabel(ylabel) + axis.set_title(title) + axis.grid(axis="y", alpha=0.25) + axis.legend() + figure.suptitle("Сравнение стратегий поиска (средние значения)") + figure.tight_layout() + figure.savefig(output_path, dpi=180) + plt.close(figure) + return Path(output_path) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + print(f"График сохранён: {create_plot()}")