forked from UNN/2026-rff_mp
[1][2] Оба задания
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BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/data/structures.py
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477
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/data/structures.py
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import time
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import random
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import csv
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import os
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import numpy as np
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import sys
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sys.setrecursionlimit(20000)
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# Связный список
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def ll_insert(head, name, phone):
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new_node = {'name': name, 'phone': phone, 'next': None}
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if head is None:
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return new_node
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if head['name'] == name:
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head['phone'] = phone
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return head
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current = head
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while current['next'] is not None:
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if current['next']['name'] == name:
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current['next']['phone'] = phone
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return head
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current = current['next']
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current['next'] = new_node
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return head
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def ll_find(head, name):
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current = head
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while current is not None:
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if current['name'] == name:
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return current['phone']
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current = current['next']
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return None
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def ll_delete(head, name):
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if head is None:
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return None
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if head['name'] == name:
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return head['next']
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current = head
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while current['next'] is not None:
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if current['next']['name'] == name:
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current['next'] = current['next']['next']
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return head
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current = current['next']
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return head
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def ll_list_all(head):
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records = []
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current = head
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while current is not None:
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records.append((current['name'], current['phone']))
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current = current['next']
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records.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
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return records
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# Хэш функции
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def hash_function(name, table_size):
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return sum(ord(c) for c in name) % table_size
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def ht_create(size=1000):
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return [None] * size
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def ht_insert(buckets, name, phone):
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size = len(buckets)
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index = hash_function(name, size)
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buckets[index] = ll_insert(buckets[index], name, phone)
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def ht_find(buckets, name):
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size = len(buckets)
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index = hash_function(name, size)
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return ll_find(buckets[index], name)
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def ht_delete(buckets, name):
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size = len(buckets)
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index = hash_function(name, size)
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buckets[index] = ll_delete(buckets[index], name)
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def ht_list_all(buckets):
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records = []
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for bucket in buckets:
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current = bucket
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while current is not None:
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records.append((current['name'], current['phone']))
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current = current['next']
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records.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
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return records
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# Функции для дерева поиска
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def bst_insert(root, name, phone):
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if root is None:
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return {'name': name, 'phone': phone, 'left': None, 'right': None}
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if name < root['name']:
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root['left'] = bst_insert(root['left'], name, phone)
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elif name > root['name']:
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root['right'] = bst_insert(root['right'], name, phone)
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else:
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root['phone'] = phone
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return root
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def bst_find(root, name):
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current = root
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while current is not None:
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if name == current['name']:
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return current['phone']
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elif name < current['name']:
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current = current['left']
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else:
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current = current['right']
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return None
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def bst_find_min(node):
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current = node
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while current['left'] is not None:
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current = current['left']
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return current
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def bst_delete(root, name):
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if root is None:
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return None
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if name < root['name']:
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root['left'] = bst_delete(root['left'], name)
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elif name > root['name']:
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root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], name)
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else:
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if root['left'] is None:
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return root['right']
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elif root['right'] is None:
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return root['left']
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min_node = bst_find_min(root['right'])
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root['name'] = min_node['name']
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root['phone'] = min_node['phone']
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root['right'] = bst_delete(root['right'], min_node['name'])
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return root
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def bst_list_all(root):
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records = []
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def inorder_traversal(node):
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if node is not None:
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inorder_traversal(node['left'])
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records.append((node['name'], node['phone']))
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inorder_traversal(node['right'])
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inorder_traversal(root)
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return records
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# Генерация тестовых данных
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def generate_records(count=10000):
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records = []
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for i in range(count):
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name = f"User_{i:05d}"
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phone = f"+7-{random.randint(100,999)}-{random.randint(100,999)}-{random.randint(1000,9999)}"
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records.append((name, phone))
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shuffled = records.copy()
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random.shuffle(shuffled)
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sorted_records = sorted(records, key=lambda x: x[0])
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return shuffled, sorted_records
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# Замер времени
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def measure_insertion(structure_name, records):
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times = []
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filled_structure = None
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for run in range(5):
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if structure_name == "linked_list":
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structure = None
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elif structure_name == "hash_table":
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structure = ht_create(1000)
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elif structure_name == "bst":
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structure = None
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start = time.perf_counter()
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for name, phone in records:
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if structure_name == "linked_list":
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structure = ll_insert(structure, name, phone)
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elif structure_name == "hash_table":
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ht_insert(structure, name, phone)
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elif structure_name == "bst":
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structure = bst_insert(structure, name, phone)
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end = time.perf_counter()
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times.append(end - start)
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if run == 4:
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filled_structure = structure
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return times, filled_structure
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def measure_search(structure_name, structure, search_names):
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times = []
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for run in range(5):
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start = time.perf_counter()
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for name in search_names:
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if structure_name == "linked_list":
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ll_find(structure, name)
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elif structure_name == "hash_table":
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ht_find(structure, name)
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elif structure_name == "bst":
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bst_find(structure, name)
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end = time.perf_counter()
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times.append(end - start)
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return times
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def measure_deletion(structure_name, original_structure, delete_names):
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times = []
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for run in range(5):
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if structure_name == "linked_list":
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all_records = ll_list_all(original_structure)
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test_structure = None
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for name, phone in all_records:
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test_structure = ll_insert(test_structure, name, phone)
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elif structure_name == "hash_table":
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all_records = ht_list_all(original_structure)
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test_structure = ht_create(1000)
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for name, phone in all_records:
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ht_insert(test_structure, name, phone)
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elif structure_name == "bst":
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all_records = bst_list_all(original_structure)
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test_structure = None
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for name, phone in all_records:
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test_structure = bst_insert(test_structure, name, phone)
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start = time.perf_counter()
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for name in delete_names:
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if structure_name == "linked_list":
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test_structure = ll_delete(test_structure, name)
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elif structure_name == "hash_table":
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ht_delete(test_structure, name)
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elif structure_name == "bst":
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test_structure = bst_delete(test_structure, name)
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end = time.perf_counter()
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times.append(end - start)
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return times
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# Основная часть
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def run_experiment():
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current_dir = os.path.dirname(__name__)
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docs_dir = os.path.dirname(current_dir)
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csv_file = os.path.join(docs_dir, "experiment_results.csv")
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print("=" * 70)
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print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ СРАВНЕНИЕ СТРУКТУР ДАННЫХ")
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print("Телефонный справочник - 10000 записей")
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print("=" * 70)
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print(f"\nРезультаты будут сохранены в: {csv_file}")
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print("\n1. Генерация тестовых данных...")
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shuffled_records, sorted_records = generate_records(10000)
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print(f" Сгенерировано 10000 записей")
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existing_names = [shuffled_records[i][0] for i in random.sample(range(10000), 100)]
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nonexisting_names = [f"NotExist_{i}" for i in range(10)]
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search_names = existing_names + nonexisting_names
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delete_names = [shuffled_records[i][0] for i in random.sample(range(10000), 50)]
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results = [["Структура", "Режим", "Операция",
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"Замер1(с)", "Замер2(с)", "Замер3(с)", "Замер4(с)", "Замер5(с)",
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"Среднее(с)"]]
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for mode_name, records in [("случайный", shuffled_records),
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("отсортированный", sorted_records)]:
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print(f"\n2. Тестирование режима: {mode_name}")
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print("-" * 50)
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for struct_name in ["linked_list", "hash_table", "bst"]:
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print(f"\n {struct_name.upper()}:")
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print(" Вставка 10000 записей...")
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insert_times, filled_struct = measure_insertion(struct_name, records)
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avg_insert = sum(insert_times) / 5
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print(f" Время: {avg_insert:.4f} сек (среднее)")
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print(" Поиск 110 записей...")
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search_times = measure_search(struct_name, filled_struct, search_names)
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avg_search = sum(search_times) / 5
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print(f" Время: {avg_search:.4f} сек (среднее)")
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print(" Удаление 50 записей...")
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delete_times = measure_deletion(struct_name, filled_struct, delete_names)
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avg_delete = sum(delete_times) / 5
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print(f" Время: {avg_delete:.4f} сек (среднее)")
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results.append([struct_name, mode_name, "вставка"] + insert_times + [avg_insert])
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results.append([struct_name, mode_name, "поиск"] + search_times + [avg_search])
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results.append([struct_name, mode_name, "удаление"] + delete_times + [avg_delete])
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print("\n3. Сохранение результатов...")
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with open(csv_file, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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writer = csv.writer(f)
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writer.writerows(results)
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print(f" Результаты сохранены в: {csv_file}")
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print("\n" + "=" * 70)
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print("СВОДНАЯ ТАБЛИЦА РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ")
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print("=" * 70)
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print(f"{'Структура':<15} {'Режим':<12} {'Операция':<10} {'Среднее время (сек)':<20}")
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print("-" * 70)
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for row in results[1:]:
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struct, mode, op, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, avg = row
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print(f"{struct:<15} {mode:<12} {op:<10} {avg:<20.6f}")
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return results, docs_dir
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# Графики
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def create_graphs(results, docs_dir):
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print("\n4. Построение графиков...")
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data = {}
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for row in results[1:]:
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struct = row[0]
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mode = row[1]
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op = row[2]
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avg = row[8]
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if struct not in data:
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data[struct] = {}
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if mode not in data[struct]:
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data[struct][mode] = {}
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data[struct][mode][op] = avg
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struct_labels = {
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'linked_list': 'LinkedList',
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'hash_table': 'HashTable',
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'bst': 'BST'
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}
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colors = {
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'linked_list': '#3498db',
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'hash_table': '#2ecc71',
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'bst': '#e74c3c'
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}
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 6))
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fig.suptitle('Сравнение производительности структур данных', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
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operations = ['вставка', 'поиск', 'удаление']
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operation_titles = ['Вставка\n(10000 записей)', 'Поиск\n(110 запросов)', 'Удаление\n(50 записей)']
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modes = ['случайный', 'отсортированный']
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mode_labels = ['Случайный', 'Отсортированный']
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for idx, (op, op_title) in enumerate(zip(operations, operation_titles)):
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ax = axes[idx]
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# Позиции для групп столбцов
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x = np.arange(len(modes)) # [0, 1]
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width = 0.25 # ширина одного столбца
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multiplier = 0
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for struct in ['linked_list', 'hash_table', 'bst']:
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values = [data[struct][mode][op] for mode in modes]
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offset = width * multiplier
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bars = ax.bar(x + offset, values, width,
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label=struct_labels[struct],
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color=colors[struct],
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edgecolor='black', linewidth=0.5)
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for bar, val in zip(bars, values):
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if val < 0.01:
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ax.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, bar.get_height() + val*0.05,
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f'{val:.5f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8, rotation=0)
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else:
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ax.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, bar.get_height() + val*0.02,
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f'{val:.4f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8, rotation=0)
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multiplier += 1
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ax.set_title(op_title, fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
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ax.set_ylabel('Время (секунды)', fontsize=10)
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ax.set_xlabel('Режим данных', fontsize=10)
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ax.set_xticks(x + width)
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ax.set_xticklabels(mode_labels)
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ax.legend(loc='upper left', fontsize=8)
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ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3, axis='y')
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all_values = [data[s][m][op] for s in ['linked_list', 'hash_table', 'bst'] for m in modes]
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if max(all_values) / min(all_values) > 100:
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ax.set_yscale('log')
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ax.set_ylabel('Время (секунды) - логарифмическая шкала', fontsize=9)
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plt.tight_layout()
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graph_path = os.path.join(docs_dir, "performance_graphs.png")
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plt.savefig(graph_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
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plt.close()
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print(f" Графики сохранены в: {graph_path}")
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return graph_path
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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results, docs_dir = run_experiment()
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try:
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graph_file = create_graphs(results, docs_dir)
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print("\n" + "=" * 70)
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print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ ЗАВЕРШЕН УСПЕШНО!")
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print("=" * 70)
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print("\nСОЗДАННЫЕ ФАЙЛЫ:")
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print(f" Данные: {os.path.join(docs_dir, 'experiment_results.csv')}")
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print(f" Графики: {graph_file}")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"\nОшибка при построении графиков: {e}")
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print(" Убедитесь, что установлен matplotlib: pip install matplotlib")
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print("\n" + "=" * 70)
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print("ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ ЗАВЕРШЕН (без графиков)")
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print("=" * 70)
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print(f"\nCSV файл сохранен: {os.path.join(docs_dir, 'experiment_results.csv')}")
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19
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/experiment_results.csv
Normal file
19
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/experiment_results.csv
Normal file
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|
|||
Структура,Режим,Операция,Замер1(с),Замер2(с),Замер3(с),Замер4(с),Замер5(с),Среднее(с)
|
||||
linked_list,случайный,вставка,11.072574299992993,12.38099840003997,12.155311000009533,12.81002289999742,13.201067199988756,12.323994760005736
|
||||
linked_list,случайный,поиск,0.1209169999929145,0.13400630000978708,0.1302103999769315,0.12179599999217317,0.13267739996081218,0.12792141998652368
|
||||
linked_list,случайный,удаление,0.05278969998471439,0.05019940005149692,0.05289009999250993,0.0488043999648653,0.061356800026260316,0.05320808000396937
|
||||
hash_table,случайный,вставка,0.694432099990081,0.7192347000236623,0.7134853000170551,0.6891152000171132,0.6973775000078604,0.7027289600111544
|
||||
hash_table,случайный,поиск,0.006584499962627888,0.004749000014271587,0.004359900020062923,0.006477299961261451,0.006112299975939095,0.005656599986832589
|
||||
hash_table,случайный,удаление,0.004070399969350547,0.004140400036703795,0.003542299964465201,0.0032371999695897102,0.0030583000043407083,0.0036097199888899924
|
||||
bst,случайный,вставка,0.08137199998600408,0.08989329996984452,0.08159760001581162,0.07841239997651428,0.1001471999916248,0.08628449998795987
|
||||
bst,случайный,поиск,0.0006561999907717109,0.00043180002830922604,0.00042429997120052576,0.0004227000172249973,0.00043509999522939324,0.0004740200005471706
|
||||
bst,случайный,удаление,0.19723930000327528,0.166880399978254,0.147482400003355,0.18100009998306632,0.16498840000713244,0.1715181199950166
|
||||
linked_list,отсортированный,вставка,12.294058899977244,11.597062399960123,11.59195000003092,11.623520500026643,11.401553199975751,11.701628999994137
|
||||
linked_list,отсортированный,поиск,0.10066379996715114,0.0991929000010714,0.09696789999725297,0.09909789997618645,0.09873830003198236,0.09893215999472886
|
||||
linked_list,отсортированный,удаление,0.05669830000260845,0.048193000024184585,0.05076910002389923,0.04920080001465976,0.05905079998774454,0.05278240001061931
|
||||
hash_table,отсортированный,вставка,0.5518350999918766,0.5407364999991842,0.5291212999727577,0.5373308000271209,0.529426000022795,0.5376899400027468
|
||||
hash_table,отсортированный,поиск,0.005108800018206239,0.004848999960813671,0.004103399987798184,0.0038874000310897827,0.005848900007549673,0.00475950000109151
|
||||
hash_table,отсортированный,удаление,0.0037329999613575637,0.003185699984896928,0.0028516000020317733,0.0030229000258259475,0.0037879000301472843,0.003316220000851899
|
||||
bst,отсортированный,вставка,32.23637629998848,33.77348939998774,33.518200399994384,33.78866110002855,33.55791890004184,33.3749292200082
|
||||
bst,отсортированный,поиск,0.1479294000309892,0.1305704999831505,0.13548930000979453,0.1314462999580428,0.130273999995552,0.1351418999955058
|
||||
bst,отсортированный,удаление,0.1574716999894008,0.16461069998331368,0.15460990002611652,0.15385339997010306,0.15677610004786402,0.15746436000335962
|
||||
|
BIN
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/performance_graphs.png
Normal file
BIN
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/performance_graphs.png
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 117 KiB |
73
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/report.md
Normal file
73
BorisovMI/lab_1/docs/report.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
|||
# Отчёт: Задание 1 — Структуры данных
|
||||
|
||||
## Цель работы
|
||||
|
||||
Реализовать три структуры данных «с нуля» в процедурной парадигме (без классов), применить их для хранения записей телефонного справочника и экспериментально сравнить производительность основных операций.
|
||||
|
||||
## Описание реализованных структур
|
||||
|
||||
Связный список
|
||||
- Узел: {'name': str, 'phone': str, 'next': dict или None}
|
||||
- Операции проходят путём последовательного обхода элементов
|
||||
- Подходит для небольших объёмов данных
|
||||
|
||||
Хеш-таблица
|
||||
- Массив корзин фиксированного размера (1000)
|
||||
- Хеш-функция: сумма кодов символов имени по модулю размера
|
||||
- Разрешение коллизий: метод цепочек (связные списки)
|
||||
|
||||
Двоичное дерево поиска
|
||||
- Узел: {'name': str, 'phone': str, 'left': dict, 'right': dict}
|
||||
- Левое поддерево содержит меньшие значения
|
||||
- Правое поддерево содержит большие значения
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Условия эксперимента
|
||||
|
||||
Общее количество записей - 10 000
|
||||
Количество замеров для каждой операции - 5
|
||||
Размер хеш-таблицы - 1000 корзин
|
||||
Количество поисковых запросов - 110 (100 существующих + 10 несуществующих)
|
||||
Количество удаляемых записей - 50
|
||||
Режимы вставки данных - Случайный / Отсортированный
|
||||
Инструмент замера времени - time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Результаты
|
||||
|
||||
### Таблица средних времён (секунды)
|
||||
|
||||
| Структура | Режим | Вставка (с) | Поиск 110 (с) | Удаление 50 (с) |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
| LinkedList | случайный | 12.32399 | 0.1279214 | 0.053208 |
|
||||
| LinkedList | сортированный | 11.701628 | 0.0989321 | 0.052782 |
|
||||
| HashTable | случайный | 0.7027289 | 0.0056565 | 0.0036097 |
|
||||
| HashTable | сортированный | 0.5376899 | 0.0047595 | 0.003316 |
|
||||
| BST | случайный | 0.08628449 | 0.000474 | 0.1715181 |
|
||||
| BST | сортированный | 33.374929 | 0.1351418 | 0.1574643 |
|
||||
|
||||
### Графики
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
## Анализ результатов
|
||||
|
||||
### Связный список
|
||||
|
||||
Вставка в список занимает ~2.5 секунды на 10 000 записей, потому что каждая вставка уже существующего имени требует прохода по всему списку O(n). При случайных уникальных именах вставка идёт в начало O(1), но поиск всегда линейный.
|
||||
|
||||
### Хеш-таблица
|
||||
|
||||
Хеш-таблица показала примерно одинаковые результаты при случайном и отсортированном порядке:
|
||||
|
||||
Это объясняется природой хеширования: порядок вставки не влияет на распределение по бакетам. Ключ всегда попадает в предсказуемый бакет за O(1).
|
||||
|
||||
### BST
|
||||
|
||||
деградирует на отсортированных данных
|
||||
|
||||
Причина:*при вставке отсортированных данных BST вырождается в односвязный список — каждый новый элемент больше предыдущего и уходит всегда в правое поддерево. Высота дерева становится O(n) вместо O(log n). Поиск и удаление тоже деградируют до O(n).
|
||||
|
||||
## Вывод
|
||||
|
||||
HashTable — лучший выбор для телефонного справочника при частых вставках и поисках. BST лучше HashTable только если нужен отсортированный вывод без дополнительной сортировки — но при условии случайного порядка вставки или использования самобалансирующегося дерева (AVL, Red-Black).
|
||||
725
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze.py
Normal file
725
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze.py
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
|
|||
from abc import ABC, abstractclassmethod
|
||||
from collections import deque
|
||||
import heapq
|
||||
import time
|
||||
import os
|
||||
import time
|
||||
import csv
|
||||
import random
|
||||
class Cell:
|
||||
def __init__(self, x, y):
|
||||
self.x = x
|
||||
self.y = y
|
||||
self.isWall = False
|
||||
self.isStart = False
|
||||
self.isExit = False
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def __eq__(self, other):
|
||||
if other is None:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
|
||||
def __lt__(self, other):
|
||||
|
||||
if other is None:
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return (self.x, self.y) < (other.x, other.y)
|
||||
def __hash__(self):
|
||||
|
||||
return hash((self.x, self.y))
|
||||
|
||||
def __repr__(self):
|
||||
return f"Cell({self.x}, {self.y})"
|
||||
def isPassable(self):
|
||||
return not self.isWall
|
||||
|
||||
class Maze:
|
||||
def __init__(self, width, height):
|
||||
self.width = width
|
||||
self.height = height
|
||||
self.grid = [[Cell(x, y) for y in range(height)] for x in range(width)]
|
||||
self.start = None
|
||||
self.exit = None
|
||||
|
||||
def getCell(self, x, y):
|
||||
if 0 <= x < self.width and 0 <= y < self.height:
|
||||
return self.grid[x][y]
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
def getNeighbors(self, cell):
|
||||
neighbors = []
|
||||
directions = [(0, 1), (0, -1), (1, 0), (-1, 0)]
|
||||
for dx, dy in directions:
|
||||
neighbor = self.getCell(cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy)
|
||||
if neighbor and neighbor.isPassable():
|
||||
neighbors.append(neighbor)
|
||||
return neighbors
|
||||
|
||||
def setStart(self, x, y):
|
||||
cell = self.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
if cell:
|
||||
cell.isStart = True
|
||||
self.start = cell
|
||||
|
||||
def setExit(self, x, y):
|
||||
cell = self.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
if cell:
|
||||
cell.isExit = True
|
||||
self.exit = cell
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeBuilder(ABC):
|
||||
|
||||
def buildFromFile(self, filename):
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
class TextileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
|
||||
def buildFromFile(self, filename):
|
||||
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
lines = f.readlines()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
lines = [line.rstrip('\n\r') for line in lines]
|
||||
|
||||
height = len(lines)
|
||||
width = len(lines[0]) if height > 0 else 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for line in lines:
|
||||
if len(line) != width:
|
||||
raise ValueError("все строки одинаковой длины")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for y in range(height):
|
||||
for x in range(width):
|
||||
char = lines[y][x]
|
||||
cell = maze.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
if char == '#':
|
||||
cell.isWall = True
|
||||
elif char == ' ':
|
||||
cell.isWall = False
|
||||
elif char == 's':
|
||||
cell.isWall = False
|
||||
cell.isStart = True
|
||||
maze.start = cell
|
||||
elif char == 'e':
|
||||
cell.isWall = False
|
||||
cell.isExit = True
|
||||
maze.exit = cell
|
||||
else:
|
||||
raise ValueError(f"неизв сим")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if maze.start is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("в лабиринте не найден старт")
|
||||
if maze.exit is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("в лабиринте не найден выход")
|
||||
|
||||
return maze
|
||||
|
||||
class PathFindingStrategy:
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return []
|
||||
queue = deque([start])
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
parent = {start: None}
|
||||
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
current = queue.popleft()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(parent, start, exit)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
parent[neighbor] = current
|
||||
queue.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
def _reconstruct_path(self, parent, start, exit):
|
||||
path = []
|
||||
current = exit
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
path.append(current)
|
||||
current = parent[current]
|
||||
path.reverse()
|
||||
return path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class DFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return []
|
||||
stack = [start]
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
parent = {start: None}
|
||||
|
||||
while stack:
|
||||
current = stack.pop()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(parent, start, exit)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
parent[neighbor] = current
|
||||
stack.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
def _reconstruct_path(self, parent, start, exit):
|
||||
path = []
|
||||
current = exit
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
path.append(current)
|
||||
current = parent[current]
|
||||
path.reverse()
|
||||
return path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class AStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
def _heuristic(self, cell, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
return abs(cell.x - exit.x) + abs(cell.y - exit.y)
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return []
|
||||
open_set = []
|
||||
heapq.heappush(open_set, (0, start))
|
||||
|
||||
came_from = {start: None}
|
||||
g_score = {start: 0}
|
||||
|
||||
while open_set:
|
||||
current = heapq.heappop(open_set)[1]
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(came_from, start, exit)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
|
||||
came_from[neighbor] = current
|
||||
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
|
||||
f_score = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit)
|
||||
heapq.heappush(open_set, (f_score, neighbor))
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
def _reconstruct_path(self, came_from, start, exit):
|
||||
path = []
|
||||
current = exit
|
||||
while current is not None:
|
||||
path.append(current)
|
||||
current = came_from[current]
|
||||
path.reverse()
|
||||
return path
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class SearchStats:
|
||||
def __init__(self, time_ms=0, visited_cells=0, path_length=0):
|
||||
self.time_ms = time_ms
|
||||
self.visited_cells = visited_cells
|
||||
self.path_length = path_length
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return f"Время: {self.time_ms:.3f} мс | Посещено: {self.visited_cells} | Длина пути: {self.path_length}"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class MazeSolver:
|
||||
def __init__(self, maze):
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self.strategy = None
|
||||
|
||||
def setStrategy(self, strategy):
|
||||
self.strategy = strategy
|
||||
|
||||
def solve(self):
|
||||
if self.strategy is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("Стратегия не установлена")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
start_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
path = self.strategy.findPath(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit)
|
||||
|
||||
end_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
elapsed_ms = (end_time - start_time) * 1000
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
stats = SearchStats(
|
||||
time_ms=elapsed_ms,
|
||||
visited_cells=len(path),
|
||||
path_length=len(path)
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
return path, stats
|
||||
|
||||
class Observer:
|
||||
def update(self, event):
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
class ConsoleView(Observer):
|
||||
def render(self, maze, player_position=None, path=None):
|
||||
"""отрисовка"""
|
||||
os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
|
||||
|
||||
path_set = set(path) if path else set()
|
||||
|
||||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||||
cell = maze.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
if player_position and cell == player_position:
|
||||
print('P', end='')
|
||||
elif cell == maze.start:
|
||||
print('S', end='')
|
||||
elif cell == maze.exit:
|
||||
print('E', end='')
|
||||
elif cell in path_set:
|
||||
print('.', end='')
|
||||
elif cell.isWall:
|
||||
print('#', end='')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print(' ', end='')
|
||||
print()
|
||||
|
||||
def update(self, event):
|
||||
if event['type'] == 'path_found':
|
||||
print(f"длина пути {len(event['path'])}")
|
||||
self.render(event['maze'], path=event['path'])
|
||||
elif event['type'] == 'move':
|
||||
print(f"шаг {event['step']}")
|
||||
self.render(event['maze'], event['player'], event['path'])
|
||||
elif event['type'] == 'maze_loaded':
|
||||
print("перегрузка")
|
||||
self.render(event['maze'])
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class ObservableMazeSolver:
|
||||
def __init__(self, maze):
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self.strategy = None
|
||||
self.observers = []
|
||||
|
||||
def attach(self, observer):
|
||||
self.observers.append(observer)
|
||||
|
||||
def notify(self, event):
|
||||
for observer in self.observers:
|
||||
observer.update(event)
|
||||
|
||||
def setStrategy(self, strategy):
|
||||
self.strategy = strategy
|
||||
|
||||
def solve(self):
|
||||
if self.strategy is None:
|
||||
raise ValueError("")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
path = self.strategy.findPath(self.maze, self.maze.start, self.maze.exit)
|
||||
|
||||
self.notify({
|
||||
'type': 'path_found',
|
||||
'maze': self.maze,
|
||||
'path': path
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
return path
|
||||
|
||||
class Player:
|
||||
def __init__(self, start_cell):
|
||||
self.currentCell = start_cell
|
||||
self.previousCell = None
|
||||
|
||||
def moveTo(self, cell):
|
||||
self.previousCell = self.currentCell
|
||||
self.currentCell = cell
|
||||
|
||||
def undoMove(self):
|
||||
if self.previousCell:
|
||||
self.currentCell, self.previousCell = self.previousCell, None
|
||||
return True
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Command:
|
||||
def execute(self):
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
def undo(self):
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
class MoveCommand(Command):
|
||||
def __init__(self, player, direction, maze):
|
||||
self.player = player
|
||||
self.dx, self.dy = direction
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self.executed = False
|
||||
|
||||
def execute(self):
|
||||
new_x = self.player.currentCell.x + self.dx
|
||||
new_y = self.player.currentCell.y + self.dy
|
||||
new_cell = self.maze.getCell(new_x, new_y)
|
||||
|
||||
if new_cell and new_cell.isPassable():
|
||||
self.player.moveTo(new_cell)
|
||||
self.executed = True
|
||||
return True
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
def undo(self):
|
||||
if self.executed:
|
||||
self.player.undoMove()
|
||||
self.executed = False
|
||||
return True
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
def clear_console():
|
||||
os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
|
||||
|
||||
def render_maze_with_player(maze, player, path=None):
|
||||
path_set = set(path) if path else set()
|
||||
|
||||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||||
cell = maze.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
|
||||
if cell == player.currentCell:
|
||||
print('P', end='')
|
||||
elif cell == maze.start:
|
||||
print('S', end='')
|
||||
elif cell == maze.exit:
|
||||
print('E', end='')
|
||||
elif cell in path_set:
|
||||
print('.', end='')
|
||||
elif cell.isWall:
|
||||
print('#', end='')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print(' ', end='')
|
||||
print()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def run_game(maze, path=None):
|
||||
player = Player(maze.start)
|
||||
history = []
|
||||
|
||||
directions = {
|
||||
'w': (0, -1),
|
||||
's': (0, 1),
|
||||
'a': (-1, 0),
|
||||
'd': (1, 0)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
print(" W/A/S/D - движение, U - отмена, Q - выход")
|
||||
if path:
|
||||
print(f"мин путь {len(path)} шагов")
|
||||
|
||||
while True:
|
||||
print()
|
||||
render_maze_with_player(maze, player, path)
|
||||
|
||||
if player.currentCell == maze.exit:
|
||||
print("\n*** выход ***")
|
||||
break
|
||||
|
||||
key = input("\n> ").lower()
|
||||
|
||||
if key == 'q':
|
||||
print("выход из игры")
|
||||
break
|
||||
elif key == 'u':
|
||||
if history:
|
||||
cmd = history.pop()
|
||||
cmd.undo()
|
||||
print("отмена хода")
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print("нет ходов")
|
||||
elif key in directions:
|
||||
cmd = MoveCommand(player, directions[key], maze)
|
||||
if cmd.execute():
|
||||
history.append(cmd)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print("стена")
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print("неизвестно")
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_empty_maze(width, height):
|
||||
|
||||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||||
for x in range(width):
|
||||
for y in range(height):
|
||||
maze.getCell(x, y).isWall = False
|
||||
maze.setStart(0, 0)
|
||||
maze.setExit(width-1, height-1)
|
||||
return maze
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_maze_with_walls(width, height, wall_probability=0.3):
|
||||
|
||||
maze = Maze(width, height)
|
||||
for x in range(width):
|
||||
for y in range(height):
|
||||
if random.random() < wall_probability:
|
||||
maze.getCell(x, y).isWall = True
|
||||
else:
|
||||
maze.getCell(x, y).isWall = False
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
maze.getCell(0, 0).isWall = False
|
||||
maze.getCell(width-1, height-1).isWall = False
|
||||
|
||||
maze.setStart(0, 0)
|
||||
maze.setExit(width-1, height-1)
|
||||
return maze
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_maze_no_exit(width, height):
|
||||
|
||||
maze = generate_maze_with_walls(width, height, 0.3)
|
||||
|
||||
exit_cell = maze.getCell(width-1, height-1)
|
||||
exit_cell.isWall = True
|
||||
maze.exit = None
|
||||
return maze
|
||||
|
||||
def save_maze_to_file(maze, filename):
|
||||
|
||||
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
|
||||
for y in range(maze.height):
|
||||
for x in range(maze.width):
|
||||
cell = maze.getCell(x, y)
|
||||
if cell == maze.start:
|
||||
f.write('s')
|
||||
elif cell == maze.exit:
|
||||
f.write('e')
|
||||
elif cell.isWall:
|
||||
f.write('#')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
f.write(' ')
|
||||
f.write('\n')
|
||||
|
||||
def create_test_mazes():
|
||||
|
||||
mazes = []
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
small = generate_maze_with_walls(10, 10, 0.2)
|
||||
save_maze_to_file(small, "maze_small.txt")
|
||||
mazes.append(('маленький (10x10)', small))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
medium = generate_maze_with_walls(50, 50, 0.3)
|
||||
save_maze_to_file(medium, "maze_medium.txt")
|
||||
mazes.append(('средний (50x50)', medium))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
large = generate_maze_with_walls(100, 100, 0.3)
|
||||
save_maze_to_file(large, "maze_large.txt")
|
||||
mazes.append(('большой (100x100)', large))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
empty = generate_empty_maze(50, 50)
|
||||
save_maze_to_file(empty, "maze_empty.txt")
|
||||
mazes.append(('пустой (50x50)', empty))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
no_exit = generate_maze_no_exit(20, 20)
|
||||
save_maze_to_file(no_exit, "maze_no_exit.txt")
|
||||
mazes.append(('без выхода (20x20)', no_exit))
|
||||
|
||||
return mazes
|
||||
|
||||
def run_experiment(maze, strategy, name, repeats=5):
|
||||
|
||||
times = []
|
||||
visited_counts = []
|
||||
path_lengths = []
|
||||
|
||||
for _ in range(repeats):
|
||||
solver = MazeSolver(maze)
|
||||
solver.setStrategy(strategy())
|
||||
|
||||
start_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
path, stats = solver.solve()
|
||||
end_time = time.perf_counter()
|
||||
|
||||
times.append((end_time - start_time) * 1000)
|
||||
visited_counts.append(len(path) if path else 0)
|
||||
path_lengths.append(len(path) if path else 0)
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
'лабиринт': name,
|
||||
'стратегия': strategy.__name__.replace('Strategy', ''),
|
||||
'время_ср': sum(times) / repeats,
|
||||
'время_мин': min(times),
|
||||
'время_макс': max(times),
|
||||
'посещено_ср': sum(visited_counts) / repeats,
|
||||
'длина_пути_ср': sum(path_lengths) / repeats,
|
||||
'путь_найден': path is not None and len(path) > 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def run_all_experiments():
|
||||
|
||||
strategies = [BFSStrategy, DFSStrategy, AStrategy]
|
||||
results = []
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mazes = create_test_mazes()
|
||||
|
||||
for maze_name, maze in mazes:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for strategy in strategies:
|
||||
print(f" тест {strategy.__name__}...", end=" ", flush=True)
|
||||
result = run_experiment(maze, strategy, maze_name)
|
||||
results.append(result)
|
||||
print(f"время={result['время_ср']:.2f}мс, путь={result['длина_пути_ср']:.0f}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
save_results_to_csv(results)
|
||||
|
||||
return results
|
||||
|
||||
def save_results_to_csv(results):
|
||||
|
||||
filename = "resultslab.csv"
|
||||
|
||||
with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
|
||||
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=[
|
||||
'лабиринт', 'стратегия', 'время_ср', 'время_мин', 'время_макс',
|
||||
'посещено_ср', 'длина_пути_ср', 'путь_найден'
|
||||
])
|
||||
writer.writeheader()
|
||||
writer.writerows(results)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def plot_results(results):
|
||||
try:
|
||||
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||||
import numpy as np
|
||||
|
||||
labyrinths = list(set(r['лабиринт'] for r in results))
|
||||
strategies = ['BFS', 'DFS', 'A']
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
n_rows = 3
|
||||
n_cols = 2
|
||||
fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_rows, n_cols, figsize=(14, 12))
|
||||
axes = axes.flatten()
|
||||
|
||||
for idx, lab in enumerate(labyrinths):
|
||||
ax = axes[idx]
|
||||
|
||||
times = []
|
||||
for strat in strategies:
|
||||
for r in results:
|
||||
if r['лабиринт'] == lab and r['стратегия'] == strat:
|
||||
times.append(r['время_ср'])
|
||||
break
|
||||
|
||||
x = np.arange(len(strategies))
|
||||
bars = ax.bar(x, times, color=['#1a5632', '#0e5fb4', '#051f45'])
|
||||
ax.set_title(f'{lab}')
|
||||
ax.set_xticks(x)
|
||||
ax.set_xticklabels(strategies)
|
||||
ax.set_ylabel('Время (мс)')
|
||||
|
||||
for bar, t in zip(bars, times):
|
||||
ax.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, bar.get_height() + 0.5,
|
||||
f'{t:.1f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if len(labyrinths) < len(axes):
|
||||
axes[-1].set_visible(False)
|
||||
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
plt.savefig('maze_time_comparison.png', dpi=150)
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
|
||||
|
||||
colors = ['#d8d262', '#0e5fb4', '#ed254e']
|
||||
|
||||
for idx, strat in enumerate(strategies):
|
||||
lengths = []
|
||||
for lab in labyrinths:
|
||||
for r in results:
|
||||
if r['лабиринт'] == lab and r['стратегия'] == strat:
|
||||
lengths.append(r['длина_пути_ср'])
|
||||
break
|
||||
|
||||
plt.plot(labyrinths, lengths, marker='o', label=strat, color=colors[idx]) # добавьте color
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
plt.xlabel('Лабиринт')
|
||||
plt.ylabel('Длина пути ')
|
||||
plt.title('Сравнение длины найденного пути')
|
||||
plt.legend()
|
||||
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
plt.savefig('maze_path_length.png', dpi=150)
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
|
||||
except ImportError:
|
||||
print("")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def print_analysis(results):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
strat_data = {}
|
||||
for r in results:
|
||||
strat = r['стратегия']
|
||||
if strat not in strat_data:
|
||||
strat_data[strat] = {'time': [], 'visited': [], 'labyrinth': []}
|
||||
strat_data[strat]['time'].append(r['время_ср'])
|
||||
strat_data[strat]['visited'].append(r['посещено_ср'])
|
||||
strat_data[strat]['labyrinth'].append(r['лабиринт'])
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
for strat, data in strat_data.items():
|
||||
avg_time = sum(data['time']) / len(data['time'])
|
||||
print(f" {strat}: среднее время {avg_time:.2f} мс")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
print(" BFS медленный на большом лабсамый короткий путить находит")
|
||||
print(" DFS быстрый, но не всегда самый короткий")
|
||||
print(" A быстрый и находит самый короткий путь")
|
||||
print(" без выхода лаб. стратегии самые медленные ")
|
||||
print(" в пустом стратегии самые быстрые")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
|
||||
results = run_all_experiments()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
print_analysis(results)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
try:
|
||||
plot_results(results)
|
||||
except:
|
||||
print("")
|
||||
50
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_empty.txt
Normal file
50
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_empty.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
|||
s
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
e
|
||||
100
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_large.txt
Normal file
100
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_large.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
|||
s## # # # # # # # ### # ## # # # # # # ### # # # # # ###
|
||||
# ## # ## ### ## # # ## ## # # # ### ## ## #
|
||||
# ## # # # # # ## ## # # # ## # ## # # # # ## # # # #
|
||||
## # # # ##### # # # # # ## # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# ### ## # # # # ## ## ## # # # # # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # ## # ### ## ## # ##### # # # # # ### ## # ### # # #
|
||||
# # # ## ### # # # # # ### # # # ## ##### # #
|
||||
# # ### # # ## ### # # # # # ## # ## ## # ## # ## ## # #
|
||||
# # # ## # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ### ## # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ## # # # # # ## ## ### ###### ## ## ### #
|
||||
## ## # # # # # # ### # # # ### # ## #
|
||||
# # ###### # # # ## # # # ## # # # ## #### # # #
|
||||
## # # # ### # # # # # #### # # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # # ### ## ## # # # ## # # # # # ### # # # ### # # #### # ##
|
||||
# ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ### ## # # ## #
|
||||
### # # # # ## ### # # ## # # # ## # ## # ## #
|
||||
### # # # # ### # # # # # ## # # # # # ## # # ## #
|
||||
# # # # ## # # ### # ## ## # ### # # ### ## #
|
||||
### ## # ## # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ####### ##
|
||||
## ## # # # # ## # # # ## ### ### # # # ### # # # # ## # ###
|
||||
### #### ### # # # # ## ## # #### # # # # # # ## # #
|
||||
### # ## ## # ## ## ## # # # ## # # ## # ## # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # #### ## # # #### ## # ## ## # # #
|
||||
# ## # ## # # # # ### # ## # ## # # ## # # # ## # # #### # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # ### # #
|
||||
# # # # # # ## # # # ### # ## # # # # ## # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # ### # # # # # ## ## # # ## # # ## # # #
|
||||
## ## ### # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ##
|
||||
# # # # # # ## # ## # ## # # # ## ## ## ## ### # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # #### # ## # # # # ## ## # # # ## # #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # ###### # # ### # # ## # # # # ### ##
|
||||
# # ## # # # # #### # #### # # # ## ## ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # # ## # # # # # ### ### # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # # ## # # # # # ## # ## # # ## # ## ### # #
|
||||
#### # # # # ## # # # # # ## ### # # # # ### # ## #
|
||||
# # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # ##
|
||||
# # # # # # ## # # # ## ## # # # # # # ## #
|
||||
# # ## ## ### ## # # ## # # # ## # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
## ## # # # # # # ## ### # # # ## # # ## # ### # ### ##
|
||||
## ## # # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # ### # # # #
|
||||
## # # ## ## ## # # ## # # ## # # # # ## # #
|
||||
## # ## # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # ### # # # # # ## # #
|
||||
# ## ## # # # # # #### ## # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ### # # # # #### ## ### ####
|
||||
# ## # # #### # # # # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # ## ##
|
||||
## # ## # ## # # # # # # ### # # # # # ## # # #
|
||||
# # # # ## # # # ### #### ## # # # # ## ## ## #
|
||||
## # ## # ## # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ## #
|
||||
# # ## # # # ### # ## # ## # # ### # # # # ### #
|
||||
# # ## # ## #### # # # # # # # ## ## # ## ###
|
||||
# ## # # ## ## # # ## # # # ### # ## # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ### ##
|
||||
# ## # # # # # # # ## # # ## ## ## # # ## ## # # ## ### ### ####
|
||||
### # # # # # # # ## # # # ## # ## # # # ## # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # ## ## ### # # # # # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # # ## # ### # # # # ## # # # ### # ## ## # # # ##
|
||||
# # # # # ## # ## # # # ### # ## ## # # # # # # # #
|
||||
## ### ## # # # # ## # # # #### # #### # # ## # ## #
|
||||
## ## ## # # # # ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### # ### ##
|
||||
# # ### # # # # # # # # # ## # ### # # # ### ## ##
|
||||
# # ## # ## # ## ## # # # ## ## # ## # # ##
|
||||
# # ### # ## ## # # ### # # # # # # ## ## # ##
|
||||
# # #### # # # # # # # ### # # # # # # ## # ### # # ### ###
|
||||
# # ## # # ##### # ## # # ## ## # # # ## # # # ## ##
|
||||
# ### # ## # # ###### ### # ## # ## # # ## # # # # ## ## # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # ## ## # # # ## # # ## ## # # # # #
|
||||
## # ## ## # ### # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ###### # ##
|
||||
## # # # # ### # # ### ## # # ## # # # # ##### #
|
||||
# # ### # # # # # # ## #### # # ### # # # ## # ##
|
||||
# # ## ## # ## # #### # ## # # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## #
|
||||
## # # # # ## # # ## # # # ## # # ## # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # ## # # # # ## # ## # # # # # ## # # ##
|
||||
# ## ## # # # # # # ### # ## # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # # ##### ## ## ### # # ###
|
||||
# # # # # # ## ## ## # # # # # # ## # ##### # ##
|
||||
# # ## # # # ## # # #### # ## # # # # # ## # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ## ## # ## # # # # # #### # ##
|
||||
## # # # # ## # ## ## ## # # ## # # # ## # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # ## ### # # # ## # # ## #
|
||||
### # ## # # # ## ## # ### # # # # # ### # # # ##### #
|
||||
## # # ## # ## # # # # # ## # # # ## ####### ### # #
|
||||
#### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # # ### # ## # # #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # # # # ## # ### # #
|
||||
# # # # #### ## ## # # # # ## # # # # # # ### ### # ##
|
||||
#### # ## # # # ### ## # ## ## # ## # # ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # # ### # ##
|
||||
# # # # ## ## # # ## # # # # ## # ## ##
|
||||
### ## # # # ## ## ## ## # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # # # # ## #### # # ## ### ### ## # # #
|
||||
# # ##### # # # ## ## # # ## ## # # ## # #### ##### # # ## ##
|
||||
# # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # ## #
|
||||
## ### # # ## ## # ## ## ## # # ## # # ### # # ## ### #
|
||||
# # # ## # ## # # # ## # # # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # #### # # # ## # # # ## # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # # ## # # ## # # ### # # ## # # ## # # ##
|
||||
# # # ## # # ### # # # # # ## ## ##
|
||||
# # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # ### # ## # # # #
|
||||
# ###### # # ## ## ## # ### # # # ## # # # #####
|
||||
# ## # # # # ## # # # # # # # # #### # # e
|
||||
50
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_medium.txt
Normal file
50
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_medium.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
|||
s # ## # # ### # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # ## ## # # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # ##
|
||||
### # # # # # # ## ## # ## # #
|
||||
# # # ## # # # # ## # #
|
||||
# # # # ## # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # # # # # # ## # #
|
||||
# ## # # # ## # ## # # # # #
|
||||
## # # # # ## # # ## # ##
|
||||
# # # # # ## # # ## # # #
|
||||
# # # # ## # # # # ## # ## # #
|
||||
# ## # # # # # # # ## ##
|
||||
## # ## ### # # # ## # ##
|
||||
##### ### # # # # ## # # # #
|
||||
# # ### ## # ## ## #### ###
|
||||
## # # # # ### # # ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # ##
|
||||
## # # # ### # ## # # ## # # ## ##
|
||||
# #### # # # # # ### # ##
|
||||
# ## # ## # # ## ### ## ### #
|
||||
# # ### ## # # # ##
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # #
|
||||
# ## # ### #### # ## # ### ## # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ##### # # # # # # # ## # ##
|
||||
## # # # # ## ## # ## ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # # ## # # #
|
||||
## # # # ## # # ## # #
|
||||
# ### # # # # # # # # # ###
|
||||
### # # # # # ### # # # # # ##
|
||||
# # # # # ## # # # # # ##
|
||||
# ## ## ## # # # # # # ## #
|
||||
# #### # # # ## # ## #
|
||||
## # # # # ## # # # # #
|
||||
## # ## ## # # # ## # # ## #
|
||||
# # # # # # # # # # ### # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # # # # ###
|
||||
# # #### ##
|
||||
# # ## # # ## ### # # ##
|
||||
##### # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
## # # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## ## # # # # ## ### # #
|
||||
# # ### ## ### ### # ## # #
|
||||
## # ### # ## # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ## # # # # #
|
||||
# # ## # # ## ### # # # #
|
||||
# # # # # ## # ### #
|
||||
## # # ## # # #
|
||||
# # ## # ### # ### # ## # ## # ##
|
||||
# # # # # # # ## # # e
|
||||
20
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_no_exit.txt
Normal file
20
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_no_exit.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
s ## ###
|
||||
# # # # # ##
|
||||
# # # # #
|
||||
# # ##
|
||||
# # # # #
|
||||
# # ### # #
|
||||
# # # # #
|
||||
# # ## ## ###
|
||||
# ## #
|
||||
# # ###
|
||||
# # # # #
|
||||
### # #
|
||||
# # # #
|
||||
## # # # #
|
||||
## # # # # ##
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# # # #
|
||||
# # #
|
||||
# # # # ## #
|
||||
BIN
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_path_length.png
Normal file
BIN
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_path_length.png
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 101 KiB |
10
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_small.txt
Normal file
10
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_small.txt
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
s #
|
||||
|
||||
#
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
# #
|
||||
#
|
||||
# #
|
||||
#
|
||||
# # e
|
||||
BIN
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_time_comparison.png
Normal file
BIN
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/maze_time_comparison.png
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 103 KiB |
252
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/report2.md
Normal file
252
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/report2.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
|
|||
# Отчёт: Задание 2 — Поиск выхода из лабиринта
|
||||
|
||||
## Цель работы
|
||||
|
||||
Разработать гибкую, расширяемую программу для загрузки лабиринта из файла, поиска пути от старта до выхода с возможностью выбора алгоритма, визуализации процесса и экспериментального сравнения алгоритмов
|
||||
|
||||
## Выбранные паттерны и их обоснование
|
||||
|
||||
### Builder
|
||||
|
||||
Для загрузки лабиринта из файла был использован паттерн Builder.
|
||||
Создан интерфейс:
|
||||
class MazeBuilder():
|
||||
и его реализация:
|
||||
class TextFileMazeBuilder(MazeBuilder):
|
||||
Преимущества использования Builder:
|
||||
пользоватеь не знает деталей создания лабиринта;
|
||||
можно добавить новые форматы (JSON, XML, бинарный);
|
||||
код загрузки изолирован от остальной программы.
|
||||
|
||||
### Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
Для алгоритмов поиска пути использован паттерн Strategy
|
||||
Создан общий интерфейс:
|
||||
class PathFindingStrategy():
|
||||
Реализованы стратегии:
|
||||
BFSStrategy;
|
||||
DFSStrategy;
|
||||
AStrategy;
|
||||
Каждая стратегия реализует собственный алгоритм поиска пути по правилам.
|
||||
Преимущества паттерна:
|
||||
алгоритмы можно менять во время выполнения;
|
||||
код MazeSolver не зависит от конкретного алгоритма;
|
||||
новые алгоритмы можно добавлять без изменения существующего кода.
|
||||
|
||||
### Observer
|
||||
|
||||
Для уведомления интерфейса о событиях использован паттерн Observer
|
||||
Создан интерфейс:
|
||||
class Observer():
|
||||
и реализация:
|
||||
class ConsoleView(Observer):
|
||||
MazeSolver хранит список наблюдателей и уведомляет их о событиях:
|
||||
начало поиска;
|
||||
окончание поиска;
|
||||
перемещение игрока.
|
||||
Преимущества:
|
||||
логика интерфейса отделена от логики поиска;
|
||||
можно легко добавить графический интерфейс;
|
||||
|
||||
### Command
|
||||
|
||||
Для пошагового перемещения игрока использован паттерн Command.
|
||||
Создан интерфейс:
|
||||
class Command():
|
||||
и реализация:
|
||||
class MoveCommand(Command):
|
||||
Каждая команда умеет:
|
||||
execute() — выполнить действие;
|
||||
undo() — отменить действие
|
||||
Преимущества:
|
||||
поддержка undo;
|
||||
возможность расширения системы команд
|
||||
|
||||
## Листинги ключевых классов
|
||||
|
||||
### Паттерн Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
class PathFindingStrategy:
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
pass
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class BFSStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return []
|
||||
queue = deque([start])
|
||||
visited = {start}
|
||||
parent = {start: None}
|
||||
|
||||
while queue:
|
||||
current = queue.popleft()
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(parent, start, exit)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
if neighbor not in visited:
|
||||
visited.add(neighbor)
|
||||
parent[neighbor] = current
|
||||
queue.append(neighbor)
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
class AStrategy(PathFindingStrategy):
|
||||
def _heuristic(self, cell, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
return abs(cell.x - exit.x) + abs(cell.y - exit.y)
|
||||
|
||||
def findPath(self, maze, start, exit):
|
||||
if exit is None:
|
||||
return []
|
||||
open_set = []
|
||||
heapq.heappush(open_set, (0, start))
|
||||
|
||||
came_from = {start: None}
|
||||
g_score = {start: 0}
|
||||
|
||||
while open_set:
|
||||
current = heapq.heappop(open_set)[1]
|
||||
|
||||
if current == exit:
|
||||
return self._reconstruct_path(came_from, start, exit)
|
||||
|
||||
for neighbor in maze.getNeighbors(current):
|
||||
tentative_g = g_score[current] + 1
|
||||
|
||||
if neighbor not in g_score or tentative_g < g_score[neighbor]:
|
||||
came_from[neighbor] = current
|
||||
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g
|
||||
f_score = tentative_g + self._heuristic(neighbor, exit)
|
||||
heapq.heappush(open_set, (f_score, neighbor))
|
||||
|
||||
return []
|
||||
|
||||
### Паттерн Command
|
||||
|
||||
class Command:
|
||||
def execute(self): pass
|
||||
def undo(self): pass
|
||||
|
||||
class MoveCommand(Command):
|
||||
def __init__(self, player, direction, maze):
|
||||
self.player = player
|
||||
self.dx, self.dy = direction
|
||||
self.maze = maze
|
||||
self.executed = False
|
||||
|
||||
def execute(self):
|
||||
new_x = self.player.currentCell.x + self.dx
|
||||
new_y = self.player.currentCell.y + self.dy
|
||||
new_cell = self.maze.getCell(new_x, new_y)
|
||||
if new_cell and new_cell.isPassable():
|
||||
self.player.moveTo(new_cell)
|
||||
self.executed = True
|
||||
return True
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
def undo(self):
|
||||
if self.executed:
|
||||
self.player.undoMove()
|
||||
self.executed = False
|
||||
return True
|
||||
return False
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Результаты
|
||||
|
||||
| Лабиринт | Стратегия | Время (с) | Посещено | Длина пути | Путь найден |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
| маленький (10x10) | BFS | 0.9148200158961117 | 19.0 | 19.0 | True |
|
||||
| маленький (10x10) | DFS | 0.717819994315505 | 39.0 | 39.0 | True |
|
||||
| маленький (10x10) | A | 1.577159995213151 | 19.0 | 19.0 | True |
|
||||
| средний (50x50) | BFS | 14.496059995144606 | 99.0 | 99.0 | True |
|
||||
| средний (50x50) | DFS | 8.470179990399629 | 393.0 | 393.0 |True |
|
||||
| средний (50x50) | A | 9.11291999509558 | 99.0 | 99.0 | True |
|
||||
| большой (100x100) | BFS | 0.013179995585232973 | 0.0 | 0.0 | False |
|
||||
| большой (100x100) | A | 0.013079994823783636 | 0.0 | 0.0 | False |
|
||||
| пустой (50x50) | BFS | 29.2012800113298 | 99.0 | 99.0 | True |
|
||||
| пустой (50x50) | DFS | 13.176999986171722 | 1275.0 | 1275.0 | True |
|
||||
| пустой (50x50) | A | 50.366899999789894 | 99.0 | 99.0 | True |
|
||||
| без выхода (20x20) | BFS | 0.004239997360855341 | 0.0 | 0.0 | False |
|
||||
| без выхода (20x20) | DFS | 0.006399990525096655 | 0.0 | 0.0 | False |
|
||||
| без выхода (20x20) | A | 0.008680007886141539 | 0.0 | 0.0 | False |
|
||||
|
||||
### Графики
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
## Анализ эффективности алгоритмов
|
||||
|
||||
В ходе экспериментов были получены следующие результаты.
|
||||
|
||||
### BFS
|
||||
Преимущества:
|
||||
всегда находит кратчайший путь;
|
||||
простая реализация.
|
||||
Недостатки:
|
||||
посещает большое количество клеток;
|
||||
требует много памяти.
|
||||
Выходит, что наиболее эффективен в небольших невзвешенных лабиринтах.
|
||||
|
||||
### DFS
|
||||
Преимущества:
|
||||
простая реализация;
|
||||
самым быстрым находит произвольный путь.
|
||||
Недостатки:
|
||||
не гарантирует кратчайший путь;
|
||||
может уходить в тупики.
|
||||
Подходит для быстрого поиска любого решения.
|
||||
|
||||
### A
|
||||
Преимущества:
|
||||
высокая скорость;
|
||||
посещает меньше клеток;
|
||||
Недостатки:
|
||||
требует выбора хорошей эвристики.
|
||||
Показал хорошие результаты на больших лабиринтах.
|
||||
|
||||
## Анализ применимости паттернов
|
||||
|
||||
### Builder
|
||||
Без Builder код загрузки лабиринта был бы жёстко связан с классом Maze, а добавление нового формата потребовало бы изменения существующего кода.
|
||||
Strategy
|
||||
Без Strategy пришлось бы:
|
||||
хранить все алгоритмы внутри одного класса;
|
||||
использовать большое количество условных операторов;
|
||||
изменять код MazeSolver при добавлении новых алгоритмов
|
||||
Strategy помог полностью отделить алгоритмы друг от друга.
|
||||
|
||||
### Observer
|
||||
Без Observer логика интерфейса смешивалась бы с логикой поиска.
|
||||
Это усложнило бы:
|
||||
добавление GUI;
|
||||
логирование;
|
||||
визуализацию.
|
||||
|
||||
### Command
|
||||
Без Command было бы сложно реализовать:
|
||||
undo;
|
||||
историю действий;
|
||||
расширяемую систему управления.
|
||||
|
||||
## Выводы
|
||||
|
||||
### В проекте были успешно реализованы:
|
||||
загрузка лабиринта из файла;
|
||||
несколько алгоритмов поиска пути;
|
||||
визуализация;
|
||||
система наблюдателей;
|
||||
система команд;
|
||||
экспериментальное сравнение алгоритмов.
|
||||
|
||||
### Использование паттернов GoF позволило:
|
||||
сделать архитектуру гибкой;
|
||||
уменьшить связанность компонентов;
|
||||
упростить расширение программы;
|
||||
облегчить сопровождение кода.
|
||||
16
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/resultslab.csv
Normal file
16
BorisovMI/lab_2/docs/data/resultslab.csv
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
|||
лабиринт,стратегия,время_ср,время_мин,время_макс,посещено_ср,длина_пути_ср,путь_найден
|
||||
маленький (10x10),BFS,0.9148200158961117,0.8840999798849225,0.9673000313341618,19.0,19.0,True
|
||||
маленький (10x10),DFS,0.717819994315505,0.5779999773949385,0.8650000090710819,39.0,39.0,True
|
||||
маленький (10x10),A,1.577159995213151,1.531599962618202,1.7019000370055437,19.0,19.0,True
|
||||
средний (50x50),BFS,14.496059995144606,12.946999981068075,18.392199999652803,99.0,99.0,True
|
||||
средний (50x50),DFS,8.470179990399629,7.544599997345358,9.55930002965033,393.0,393.0,True
|
||||
средний (50x50),A,9.11291999509558,8.53859999915585,9.788900031708181,99.0,99.0,True
|
||||
большой (100x100),BFS,0.013179995585232973,0.009100011084228754,0.026200024876743555,0.0,0.0,False
|
||||
большой (100x100),DFS,0.012619991321116686,0.008300004992634058,0.026499968953430653,0.0,0.0,False
|
||||
большой (100x100),A,0.013079994823783636,0.008699949830770493,0.027500034775584936,0.0,0.0,False
|
||||
пустой (50x50),BFS,29.2012800113298,19.71900003263727,47.252200020011514,99.0,99.0,True
|
||||
пустой (50x50),DFS,13.176999986171722,12.441499973647296,13.887099979911,1275.0,1275.0,True
|
||||
пустой (50x50),A,50.366899999789894,47.1535999677144,60.296199982985854,99.0,99.0,True
|
||||
без выхода (20x20),BFS,0.004239997360855341,0.002700020559132099,0.00909995287656784,0.0,0.0,False
|
||||
без выхода (20x20),DFS,0.006399990525096655,0.003200024366378784,0.012699980288743973,0.0,0.0,False
|
||||
без выхода (20x20),A,0.008680007886141539,0.005399982910603285,0.01810002140700817,0.0,0.0,False
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user